Ancient Rome was a city-state whose history spans the period from 753 BC and 476 AD during its existence of twelve centuries, the Roman civilization passed from monarchy to republic to empire oligarchic and then expanded.

Roman Kingdom was the monarch of the city government of Rome and its territories from the founding of Rome, was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus, Romulus until the expulsion of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus in 510 BC and formation of the Roman Republic. According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus by which they were reared by a wolf. In Roman legend, the Greeks took Troy Trojan War against the city, the Trojan prince Aeneas sailed across the Mediterranean to Italy and founded Lavinium. His son went further Iulus, founding the city of Alba Longa. Alba Longa of the royal family came the twins Romulus and Remus, who headed the foundation of Rome in 753 BC.

Legend founding of Rome makes the Trojans of Latin origin, since Aeneas came from Troy, founded Lavinium a land of Latin and a city named Alba Latin word which disappeared from others besides Romanian, which are close the map of the city that the Greeks besieged.

Roman Empire is the term used by convention to describe the Roman state in the centuries following its reorganization in the last three decades BC as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. Although Rome had an empire long before the autocracy of Augustus, the pre-augustian described, by convention, the Roman Republic. Member Hellenized Roman Empire controlled all of the Mediterranean Sea and Celtic regions of Northern Europe. The last emperor of Rome was deposed in 476, but then the regions of eastern empire were administered a second emperor, which is at Constantinople. Byzantine Empire continued to exist, although they decrease slowly territory until 1453, when Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Successor states of the west (United franc and the German Nation) and Eastern (Russian Bran) using evidence taken from Roman practices even in the modern period. Roman Empire was a model perennial taken, with minor differences, of all European post-Roman, the work of government, law and justice organization, type of architectural and many other aspects of life.

Main gods and goddesses of the Romans

Jupiter

The god of light and celestial phenomena: wind, rain, thunder and lightning of the storm. The Indo-European provenance of Dyaus Pitar or Father Day.

Juno

The Jupiter’s faithful wife, symbolizing the goddess of the moon. As goddess of the moon, it was merged with Diana, goddess of hunting. It is known protective attributes fiancé, the guide to brides house fiancé etc.

Venus

It was the most beautiful Roman goddess, bright and clean as a flame of fire. He was initially associated with Janus Pater and Tellus Mater (Earth Mother). Protect crops and was the symbol of motherhood, although it remains eternally virgin. Always wear a veil.

Vulcanus

God of lightning and the sun was scorching. Then he became the god of fire devastating, and ultimately, life-giving god of fire. He was depicted with a beard, sometimes with a slight facial deformation. Its insignia were: hammer, tongs and anvil blacksmith. She wore a bonnet and a short that I would let the right arm free.

Saturn

It is an agrarian deity of Latin origin. Patrona abundance, richness, abundance. He propagator of vines and fields harvest.

Minerva

Goddess known to the Etruscans and the Greeks. He was patron of wisdom, arts and crafts of all kinds. Together with Jupiter and Juno were a divine triad.

Curius

The god of trade and traders, the patron gains acquired in trade merchant. Have the holy cock bird and the representation was a bag in hand.

Faunus

The animal deity of forests, protecting people against wolves and therefore bore the name of Lupercus. Have the associated fauna and Bona Dea (good fairy) and Ops.

Religious fervor in the Roman imperial age increases significantly. Caesar and Augustus are worship after death. While their successors did not share the same destiny automatically, this has created a precedent fully exploited then, when Emperors and his intimates were often di zeificaţi still life. Caesar opened and overlapping, which will become inextricably, the function of the Emperor and of the same pontiff, pontifex maximus. Like the cult of the old gods, the imperial cult had its priests and its own ceremonies. Temples were dedicated to the emperors, either alone or in combination with one venerable predecessor or a recent deity. In sec. III kings tend to identify the gods: Septimius Severus and his wife, Jill Lord, are worshiped as Jupiter and Iunona. Religion Imperial is an innovation that marks the end of traditional Roman religion, forming stage of its obsolete. Mircea Eliade says that if the time is something really live, then they are Hellenistic intellectual synthesis, on the one hand, and mysteries on the other. To curb the massive spread of Christianity, the writers resorted to the old pagan myths Plato, giving them such a powerful symbolism. Celsus in sec. III, Porphyry in sec. II, Emperor Julian, Party “pagan” and Symmachus’s Platonists Macrobius and Servius, the end sec. IV, will oppose totalitarianism Christian religious pluralist vision, trying to encompass and recover all past beliefs, even those that at first glance, disgust reason. Elite Romania will no longer feed of these beliefs until the fall of the Empire, after which they will continue their underground existence in Byzantium.

Dacia

Dacia was the ancient country inhabited by Geto-Dacians, who were divided into a greater number of tribes and occupied a territory between: Tisza River , the Dniester River and Black Sea , Danube and the Carpathians forests . In some parts even beyond these borders: to the east across the Dniester, “advancing up to the Bug”, and to the west, “they came to the Danube Basin“.

Dacian kingdom reached its greatest expanse of the reign of Burebista, with the border: the Black Sea coast and Bug – to the east, Quadrilateral bohemian, Morava and Danube Basin – west Carpathian Forest – north and Mount Haemus ( Chain Balkans). Argedava city was capital of the kingdom.

Dacians lived in mountain regions (indicating the river Mures) by Upper Danube (the Danubius – from spring until Drobeta), and ruled the Dacians lowland and lower Danube (Ister called) to the Black Sea. He says that “the same language as the Dacians ” and that “Hellenes had counted on the nation Thracian Dacians. and Dio Cassius says that after King broke the oxen get Burebista take Critasir led by King, then states that Critasir was defeated by the Dacians, which reinforces the fact that the name of Dacians and are used to denote one and the same people . In conclusion we can say with certainty that “the Dacians or Dacians, are two names for the same people.”

However Getae first story belongs to Herodotus, the stories about the campaign from 514 to 512 BC, Darius against the Scythians in the northern Black Sea, shows that it “before he reaches the Ister, first defeat the Dacians, I think that immortal “and the fact that they lost the fight said,” even though they are the bravest and most righteous of the Thracians “.

The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus to know about the brilliant victory of the year 300 BC King get Dromichetes against Lysimachus, but the generosity that he showed an aptitude of the Macedonian king, whom he invited to the feast, for then to release. Ancient writer Justinus tells us that during his Oroles Dacians were defeated in a battle of Bastarnians, that their king punished, and that only victory in another battle brought them forgiveness.

Inscriptions found in the name of two kings Histria Getae century. III BC Zalmodegicos and Rhemaxos, who listened to the Greek cities on the shores of the Black Sea Dobrogea. Trogus Pompeius (IV BC-st century d.Ch) in “Prologue” book of XXXII was mentioned about “increasing power by King Rubobostes Dacians.

Contemporary with the events that led to the establishment of the State if, around 70 BC, the geographer and historian Strabo (63 BC – 19 AD), reports: “Reaching the head of his people … getul High Burebista so much … that has come to be feared by the Romans. A Greek inscription from Dionysopolis (Balchik) Burebista describe it as “the first and greatest of the kings of Thrace . Burebista victories in battles fought with neighboring nations made the Dacian kingdom to reach most of its expanse. Also, to achieve these successes, Burebista helped the priest Deceneus committed a politico-religious reform of the people based on “abstinence and sobriety and obedience to orders”. If the first capital was Argedava, Burebista built one nine: Sarmizegetusa. It should be noted that “the opinion that those who see the name of the Dacian capital Sarmizegetusa a reminder of Sarmatians did no historical basis. “

Caesar’s intention to organize a large expedition in 44 BC, against the Dacians did not materialize because he was assassinated. Not long after, and Burebista “fell victim to a conspiracy of disgruntled”. After his death, the kingdom was divided, so that when there were 5 of Octavian Augustus Dacian kingdom, left the Danube, and in Dobrogea three. Kings of the Dobrudja were: Roles, Zyraxes and Dapyx. About Cotiso is said to have been in talks with Octavian Augustus to marry his daughter Julia, but the marriage never took place. Dicomes was one of the Dacian kings who continued hostile policy pursued over the Roman Empire. How his kingdom was in plain mount, tried to extend dominion over the Danube. Help and Bastarnians, passed south of the Danube and beat the Moesia, tribal, and denteleti Dardania. How the latter, denteletii – a Thracian people were under the protection of the Romans, they sent an army led by Crassus, who helped King get Roles and leads a series of battles against Bastarnians. Another king if, Scorilo (about 28 to 68 AD) believed that we should not conflict with the Romans at the insistence of those who wanted to attack across the Danube provinces explains a practical example reported Frontinus historian: “Scorilo … has two dogs to eat each other and they were in the heat of battle, he showed a wolf that, soon, leaving the anger of her dogs were thrown.

The threat came from the Danube Roman king Duras ceded leadership of Decebal. This is reported by Dio Cassius us, “Duras who ruled before he left voluntarily, in favor of Decebal,” because he was very good at war plans and skilled in their implementation…