Transylvania includes central Romania, Transylvania and that versantele Carpathian Depression that bowed to it. In Transylvania are 10 counties: Alba, Bistrita-Nasaud, Brasov, Cluj, Covasna, Harghita, Hunedoara, Mures, Salaj and Sibiu.

Transylvania concept is, in terms of geographical and political understanding two distinct first concern, in a restrictive sense, only the intra-region, bounded by the Eastern Carpathians, Southern Carpathians and west of the Western Carpathians (Apuseni Mountains). This macro-regions was called in medieval Transylvania, Transylvania Princely Voivodeship ( “land beyond the forest”), its total area measuring approximately 57,000 kilometers².

The second meaning of the name refers, by extension, also in Maramures, Crisana, Satu-mare, known as Partium held, that “the parties” from Hungary, side by mid-century XVI historic core of the Transylvanian plateau, forming with the Principality of Transylvania.Ie: counties (counties) Maramures, Salaj, Satu Mare, Bihor and Arad. Surface area was even higher Partium. For example, under the Treaty of Speyer (1571), were part of Partium districts (counties) Maramures, Bihor, Zarand, Solnocul the Middle Crisna province (country) Chioarului and districts (counties) Arad and Severin.

Sometimes, Transylvania is given a very broad sense, it designated the Romanian territory west of the eastern Carpathians and north of the Southern Carpathians, thus including the Banat. Fluctuating nature of the contents limit is due to the complex evolution, historical-political, the region of age postromanã to modern times.

The total area of Transylvania, with Banat Crisana, Satmar and Maramures, totaling 100,293 km ², which repreprezinta 42.1% of the total area of Romania. Population living in this area include 7,221,733 inhabitants, a figure which represents about one third of the population of Romania.

Transylvania is the geographically a high plateau, south of the country separated by Romanian Southern Carpathians and east of Moldova in Eastern Carpathians. The western part of Transylvania (Crisan) has borders with Hungary. To the north, is bordered by Ukraine (Transcarpathian region – which includes northern Maramures history – and Ivano-Frankivsk). Plateau heights between 305 and 488 meters is irrigated by the rivers Mures River, tributaries of the Tisa and Olt River, tributary of the Danube. The largest city in the region, according to the census of 2002, Cluj-Napoca (its historic capital, alternative Sibiu and Alba Iulia) followed by Brasov.

At the end of World War I, in the context of the dual monarchy collapsed, Hungary proclaimed its independence, including in its territory and Transylvania. In these circumstances, the leaders of the Romanian National Party and the Social Democratic Party Romanian National Council established in Arad on November 3, 1918. On November 13, 1918, in Belgrade, the Hungarian government signed an armistice with the Entente, setting a demarcation line, which left the control of northern and central Hungary, Transylvania and Banat, under control of Serbia. Under these conditions, the Romanians held on November 18 / December 1, 1918 a National Assembly in Alba Iulia in 1228 designating delegates. The meeting had aprticipat approximately 100,000 people and was conducted in a decent and festive atmosphere. [30] The National Assembly decides the union with Romania Romanian-inhabited territories. After the 1918 union with Romania for a year and half, Transylvania remains autonomous under Roman rule, being managed by a Board Dirigent.

Case Assembly shall be sent King Ferdinand that on December 11/24 sanctioned union with Romania “lands covered by the decision of the National Assembly in Alba Iulia.” However, Romanian authorities do not exercise control over all the territories concerned. Romanian Army had stopped the Mures line and north of this no Dirigent Council nor still less the Kingdom of Romania was not exercised effective authority. Entente Powers ordonasera end any military operations to negotiate peace with Hungary.

Meanwhile, on March 21, 1919 power in Hungary was taken over by communists, who proclaimed the Soviet Republic of Hungary led by Bela Kun, a native of Cluj. Hungarian communist forces attacked the Czechoslovak army and Romanian troops from the territory of Transylvania in hopes of making the junction with the Soviet troops who in turn attacked in Bessarabia and Ukraine. In July 1919 the Romanian army started at the request of the Entente, the offensive against the Hungarian forces, and on August 3, 1919 occupied Budapest, breaking the Soviet regime of Bela Kun. The Romanian army withdrew from Budapest in October 1919. During stationary in Hungary, the Romanian army held several points of distribution of food to starving people, especially in large cities.

The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 shall be the border between the Kingdom of Romania and Hungary. Northern border with Czechoslovakia and Poland and the south-west with Yugoslavia is set at August 10, 1920 by the Treaty of Sèvres. The latter treaty was painful for Romania as the Romanian forced abandonment of the historical Maramures and Banat, but the Entente Powers had pushed for its completion as set borders between countries become allies after the First World War. In terms of the Hungarian state, the Treaty of Trianon is considered dictate, as they say, was not taken into account the views and some existential interests of the Hungarian state, Hungary’s borders were established not on ethnic grounds (Wilson plan) but the geopolitical and strategic-economic criteria. As a result, cities and regions Hungarian majority and minority Romanian, Serbian, Slovak was found in neighboring states railway lines and interrupting the flow of goods to and from those cities (Arad, Oradea, Subotica, Košice, Muncaciu, Novi Sad AND . a.). Treaty of Trianon placed 33% of polluting Hungarian Hungary before the war abroad.

Between the two wars, Hungary led a sustained struggle to annul the Treaty of Trianon, which the Hungarians felt a historical injustice. Some historians and politicians claim that Hungarians with Romanian land reform of 1921, which affected vast land ownership in Romania, including the Hungarian property owners, while a while after the war, Hungary’s economy has been crippled by new borders Why split what had previously been forced a single economic space [citation needed]. In the words of the Hungarian head of state between the two world wars, Admiral Miklos Horthy, “an enemy of Hungary is Romania, so that the largest territorial claims are against them.” [Citation needed]

In these circumstances the successor states of the dual monarchy tried to organize alliances able to fight the revision of peace treaties. Of these the most lasting was the Little Entente, the alliance between Romania,Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. However, the system of peace treaties of Versailles was put in danger when Hitler came to power in 1933, it proclaimed that the main objective review of the Versailles Treaty, amid political weakness (appeasement policy) of France and Great Britain before the German National Socialist dictatorship. The Munich Agreement of 1938 which incorporated the Reich and the dissolution of the Czech Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia in 1939 marked the end of the Little Entente.

In 1940, in the context of the rise of Nazi Germany and Romania’s isolation following the collapse of its system of alliances (fall of France and Great Britain isolation), Hungary calls for review after World War frontier. King Charles II and Gigurtu government talks but negotiations have accepted the principle of Turnu Severin in summer 1940 did not lead to any results. Accordingly, foreign ministers of Italy and the Reich, Joachim von Ribbentropp and Galeazzo Ciano summoned in Vienna on August 30, 1940 the foreign ministers of Romania and Hungary, and imposed an agreement that the transition in Hungary constituted a territory of 43,492 square kilometers, with a Romanian population of 1% (as of January 1941 the Hungarian census, 1.5%, or 106,900 Romanian, Hungarian population accounting for 98.5%, or 2,344,000 people) [31], a territory known as behalf of Northern Transylvania (Hungarian Észak-Erdély). The agreement, called in Romanian historiography Vienna Award, and the Hungarian “Second Vienna Award” (the first being that the Hungarian and were surrendered in 1939 territories “Upper Hungary” / Felvidék, that southern Slovakia Today, with a predominantly Hungarian population), provides current territorial Hungary joining Satu Mare, Salaj, Maramures, Bistrita-Nasaud, Harghita, Covasna (mostly), Mures (part), Cluj (the largest part), Brunswick (the north) and part of Arad county. Southern Transylvania (the counties of Brasov, Sibiu, Alba, Hunedoara, parts of the counties of Cluj, Arad and Mures) and Banat (Timis and Caras-Severin county) remained in the composition of the Romanian kingdom.

Case of discontent both states, both Romania and Hungary, which is then desirable to annex the entire region. Submission of Hungarian army in Transylvania was marked by serious atrocities committed against minorities. For example, in northern Transylvania, Hungarian soldiers have committed atrocities and massacres against the Romanian inhabitants of several villages (Moses, Ip Jolted etc.), topping the number of dead at around 1700. Number of torture amounted to thousands.

By Article 19 of the Armistice Convention signed on September 12, 1944 by Romania with the Allies in the Second World War, after the coup led by King Michael of August 23, 1944, shall provide that the allied “agree that Transylvania (or most of them), be returned Romania, provided confirmation of the Treaty of Peace. Soviet state sought to use the postwar period the question of Transylvania in political relations between Romania and Hungary. It is significant that although the Romanian army participated in fighting in northern Transylvania, the Soviet army did not allow recovery Romanian civil authorities in the territory ceded to Vienna until March 6, 1945, in Bucharest on the Communist-dominated government was installed and led Dr. Petru Groza.

In the period between 1945-1947, until the conclusion of peace treaties between the Allies and Romania and Hungary (both have had the status of countries defeated in the Second World War), in Hungary there were steps to keep even a small part the territory acquired in 1940 (being focused on the present county of Satu Mare). However, peace treaties of Paris, in 1947, confirms the return to existing on 1 January 1938 border between Romania and Hungary (the border established by the Treaty of Trianon) and validity of the Vienna Diktat.

Carpathian Mountains are a mountain range belonging to the great central mountain system of Europe. Carpathian basin included between Vienna and the Danube gorge formed an arc with a length of 1500 km in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Romania and Serbia.

The name comes from the Dacian tribe of Carpi, who lived in Moldova, the eastern slopes of the Carpathians, a name which, in turn, probably came from an Indo-European word meaning stone.

The highest peak is Gerlach whole Carpathians, 2655 m, in Slovakia and in Romania is Moldoveanu Peak, with 2544 m, situated in the Fagaras Mountains of Southern Carpathians.

Unlike the Alps, the Carpathians have large mountainous and their heights in the form of large areas covered with grassland. Carpathians belongs to the largest volcanic chain in Europe. Along with a large crystalline rocks and volcanic sedimentary rocks have an extension, giving a relief with gentle slopes.

Carpathians begin on the Danube near Bratislava. They surround Transcarpathia and Transylvania in a large semicircle, continues southeast, and end on the Danube near Orsova, Romania. The total length of the Carpathians is 1500 km, and the mountain chain width varies between 12 km and 500 km. The greatest width of the Carpathians corresponds with the highest altitude. Mountain chain is the largest width in hilly Plateau of Transylvania, and at the foot of the Tatra Mountains (the highest height of the Carpathians, with Gerlach know, which is 2 655 m altitude, the territory of Slovakia on the border with Poland. It covers an area 190 000 km2 and, after the Alps, is the most extensive mountain range in Europe.

U can find many 5 star hotels or lower standards all over in the Carpatian Mountains chain and have a great vacation any time of the year, specially in winter when all is covered in snow. Settle your self at pension Dracula for a mystic vacation any time wich was named after Vlad Tepes also knowned  as Dracula.

Hoia Baciu forest, it says that this place can have a unforgettable mystical experience. Why? Forest Hoia Baciu is known in whole Romania and internationally for its hidden mysteries wich can be from pleasent to scarry .People living around the forest Hoia Baciu are convinced that  in this forest mysteries occur very offten, living ghosts, UFO’s, Demons and other bizzar things.

These stories come from the locals who encounterd or had a strange expirience in or near the Hoia Baciu forest. A native Tascau Matthew, says that in one nig

ht hhe walked in the woods to shorten the way home, barely reached the forest entrance road whet without warning a devil appeared in his way, about 2 m high, horns and ugly.

Matthew remained breathless, amazed and stuned,it didnt even knew what was happening to him, the only thing taht he could do was fall on hes knees and pray with his eyes close. About 7-9 minutes later he open his eyes continuing to pray and to his joy he was alone again, scarred and shocked he hurryed home and told all his strange and frightening encounter.

In 1999, turned 775 years since the first official document, the age at which few settlements reached Hunedoara. But those 775 years is just one link in a long historical past, which began is lost in the mist of time, confirmed by numerous traces of material and spiritual civilization discovered in the city. The latest archaeological research has revealed ample evidence of material belonging to the Neolithic culture “Turdaş”, but later ages. Accidental discoveries have confirmed the development of Roman civilization flourished. Between the ages III-X communities Romanian Daco-Roman and then were forced to adopt a new way of life, retreating into less accessible areas of the migratory waves of peoples.
Year 1224 does not coincide with the beginnings of evolution Orăştie. Toponym proves that Waras at the time settlement was in the process of economic development and crystallization of stable administrative structures. The city began to be surrounded by defensive walls, but the fighting has stopped. In the fifteenth century Orăştie was burnt and plundered, demolished four times by Turkish invaders. Latest archaeological research within the city certifies the existence of rotonde, with a stone dungeon built by a palisade of X-XI centuries, destroyed by the Tatars in 1241. In the years 1332-1337 papal dijmelor register, Drastic registered with 334 puffs (households), is slightly larger than the neighboring village Romos, which had 255 households.Already in 1334, Drastic has the status of town (civitas Woras nominated).
Enjoying a number of privileges recognized by the Hungarian Crown by Andreiana Diploma (see Imperial Lands), Drastic will recover quickly after the destruction of Tartar in 1241. The town was assured by counsel that would later call the magistracy, which had led to a royal judge, noted for the first time in 1367, in the person of a certain Cristian.
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, Drastic oscillates between status and the fair city. It was developed as a politico-administrative center seat, but because of numerous Turkish invasions, internal wars, molimelor will ruin the state fair, as recorded in the late fifteenth century. Record now only 159 to 334 households, one was in 1334. In the same period, the function of the royal magistrates will be appointed Orăştie more Olah family members, including its mention Ladislaus, Matthew, Stephen, and then Matthew, son of Stephen.
In the early period of the principality, the settlement of the Mures faced quartering of troops and then imperial religious struggles of the inhabitants. It is recalled that about 100 of the city Drastic archebuzieri participate in 1595, the army of Sigismund Bathory, who came in support of Michael the Brave, immediately after the Battle of Călugăreni. After the disappearance of Michael the Brave to hit town in November misfortune. In autumn 1602, General Basta billeted in the town of 400 Austrian soldiers who give themselves up to many robberies and murders.

Drastic in Iosefin Map of Transylvania, 1769-1773
The establishment of Habsburg rule in Transylvania will mean additional obligations for the Mures city, of quartering, the supply of food and fodder, cash contributions, provision of transport etc. pin. In the eighteenth century, due to famine, economic ruin, has perpetuated demographic movements, another scourge, the plague will strike the city’s population. In 1717-1718 the epidemic will wreak havoc among the inhabitants of the town and surrounding villages.Reizbucneşte Plague in 1738, registering 156 people dead and 67 infected.
Drastic noted for centuries by its status as a cultural center. Since 1582 are printed here Pali, the first Romanian translation of the first 2 books of the Old Testament. At the same time have developed educational institutions which attract students and teachers in Transylvania and Banat. In the late sixteenth century and the following will work here at a school whose rector will be reformed, between 1667-1669, Michael Halych, son of a Romanian noble of Caransebes, a humanist trained at schools in England and the Netherlands.
In the early eighteenth century are recorded and primary schools, Orthodox and Greek Catholic Romanians‘. Following the council decision in Alba Iulia on 7 October 1697, the Romanian Church in Transylvania united with the Church of Rome (see Romanian Church United with Rome). After many influences come mainly from the Metropolitan Karlovitz Serb, one part of the Transylvanian Romanians decided to abandon the canonical obedience to the Pope of Rome and to the Romanian bishops Blaj, the first Serbian priests sent from Karlovitz. Despite the initial dispute, the two churches came to live together in peace, until the abolition of the Romanian Church United by the communist regime (1948). In particular historical moments in the history of the Romanians, the two churches, Orthodox and Greek Catholic, had acted for the benefit of the nation’s interests.
In the revolution of 1848, Drastic is placed in military plans of the two combatants, Austrian and Hungarian. Near the town, following a short battle, the Hungarians lost 2 guns and 230 combatants killed and wounded, and withdrew to Simeria to wait for reinforcements. During the battle, General Józef Bem was hit by a bullet in his right hand and that he broke the middle finger.
After the revolution, Drastic will become established military prefecture of the same name.During this period, the Romanians did not have any management position in the Judiciary town, which led the Greek-Catholic dean John Pop Ilieş to submit in October 1851, a petition of demands governor of Transylvania, Prince Schwarzenberg, requiring the granting of rights for Romanians. Only at the beginning of the liberal era (1860), Romanians can access a range of functions within the city administration. Dissatisfied with the small number of functions granted to Romanians call comitelui Salmen the city dignitaries and seat to be shared proportionately Drastic, 12 parties to participate in a Romanian and Saxon.
Population Orăştie show solidarity with their brethren across the mountains fighting the war for independence in 1877-1878. It organizes fundraising and material offerings to support the Romanian army, an important role in the action with Ana Tincu. The young calf Emil Ciuceanu move mountains to enlist voluntarily participating in the battle of Pleven and Vidin, which is leading his heroism, and was decorated with military orders.
A special role in combating laws Magyarization education lies lawyer Abraham Tincu. During a meeting of protest from Deva, from March 10, 1883, he condemns the policy of denationalization promoted by the Hungarian government, which will attract conviction following a trial. In turn, the lawyer will participate as orăştian Silviu Moldovan defender Nicholas Roman, accused in the MOU. Big Three politicians have Orăştie John Mihu, Aurel Vlad and Ivan Mota will play a special role in the Romanian national movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
The Drastic activist group will be changing tactics will work for the Romanian National Party. By participating in parliamentary elections, Aurel Vlad, will enter the parliament in 1903 following the victory over the government’s official candidate at Dobra. Aurel Vlad will play an important role in the revolution of autumn 1918, was elected president of the Romanian National Council of Drastic. Following the Grand National Assembly of Alba Iulia, from December 1, 1918, Aurel Vlad will be elected to the Board Dirigent, repartizându’s finances spring.

Coat of arms between the wars
Period tier system meant Orăştie transformation into a center of the Romanian national movement. Here were founded the bank “Transylvanian” of many cultural and economic associations and a number of Romanian newspapers have also played their a special role in the movement for national emancipation, cultural, spiritual and economic Romanians.
In 1919 he founded the State School “Aurel Vlaicu”, which will be one of the greatest achievements of orăştienilor in education. The establishment of communism in Romania would mean for Drastic liquidation of all cultural and economic organizations, the transition from planned production and agricultural cooperativization. It will develop business and “chemicals”, “Vidra” and “enterprise Mechanics Drastic”, attracting the workforce in the surrounding area, giving new dimensions to the city population.
Cultural traditions have kept some old re-determined cultural and economic associations, among which the Despărţământul Drastic Astra (1993), Romanian craftsmen Meeting (1996) and lays the groundwork for new cultural and sports associations. Drastic show and this time it is able to overcome the communist dictatorship and to restore cultural brilliance that had for centuries to come.
Because of its historical traditions, cultural significance and degree of economic development and urban, in 1995, Drastic was raised to the rank of city.

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Tourist attractions : ARSENAL PARK

ARSENAL PARK has created a new form of military life: The soldier holiday. The perimeter of the former arms factory from Orastie I kept the spirit and atmosphere of men’s barracks. But we replaced instruction with entertainment. No plantoane. Without awakening the trumpeter. No Taras on elbows. Only allowed program. Napoleon Bonaparte said that “any wounded soldier has to marshal baton. Here, each guest is treated as a marshal. ARSENAL PARKis a 4 star holiday complex with the epaulets. The stretched from Romania.

And one of the few targets with military theme in Europe. 80 hectares of opportunities. Territory unlimited adventure. Outdoor military museum. Playground in a disarmingly natural e

nvironment. Training camp. Base tourist expeditions. Manufacturer of adrenaline. All these things-and more-coexist in ARSENAL PARK, a complete unit.
Holidays military unit.

www.arsenalpark.ro

Botanic Garden of Cluj-Napoca

Existing greenhouse complex consists of 2 groups with a total of six greenhouses (the total area of over 3 500 meters) in the equatorial and tropical plants are grown:

* Bio dome with aquatic plants – here you can admire the lotus leaf Amazonian over 1.5 m in diameter,
* Bio dome with palm trees – over 80 species of palm trees, decorative or industrial (coconut, palm oil), made in Japan, Australia, Asia and the Canary Islands
* Bio dome from Australia and Mediterranean vegetation – different species of ficus, ferns,
* Bio dome with orchids and ferns,
* Bio dome with bromeliacee,
* Bio dome with succulent plants.

The existing botanical gardens in the world is estimated there are over 4 million specimens of plants, belonging to about 80 000 species, many of them that of extinction. During recent decades, given the rapid degradation of natural habitats due to overexploitation, pollution, desertification accelerated intensification of extinction of plant species, which required reconsideration of the role and importance of botanical gardens, which must work in conservation global biodiversity. Their overall mission should seek to stop the loss of species and their genetic diversity in the world. Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden and the required allocation to these new requirements, successfully initiating research on the possibilities of conservation of valuable species of flora Romania, especially those endangered or endemic. Once inside the Botanical Garden area, which is striking the visitor encounters a profound silence everywhere, in discordance with the dynamism of Cluj. Visitors to the Botanical Garden in Cluj is recommended, therefore, to take a civilized and respectful to all the work and efforts of over 100 years and to all that has managed to create here.